3-4 Introduction and application of desulphurisation technologies A. Application of a dry scrubber system for control of industrial emissions B. Application of integration technology equipment for flue gas desulfurationand NO removal   3-4a Application of a Dry Scrubber System for Control of Industrial Emissions Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This project seeks to promote clean coal technology and to control atmospheric pollution and acid rain. The project is based on programme areas 12C and 18A of China's Agenda 21. 1. Background Environmental problems such as acid rain and the depletion of the ozone layer have become a focus of world attention. Over the past ten years, Chinese industry has developed at an annual rate of more than 10 percent, thus industrial emissions have become a major source of air pollution, with severe impacts on the environment and human health. China is the world's largest consumer of coal, with approximately 400,000 coal-fired industrial facilities nationwide which produce 19.0 million tons of ash and 16.8 million tons of sulphur dioxide. Sulphur dioxide emissions have caused serious acid rain problems in some areas of China, and has resulted in economic losses of tens of billions of yuan every year. Most dust-removal equipment at coal-fired facilities presently lacks fuel gas emission controls. The Chinese authorities maintain that from 1994 onward, fuel sulphur dioxide discharges will be charged and total emissions will be controlled. At present, however, the equipment necessary to bring emissions in line with government standards is lacking. It is therefore essential to import foreign pollution control technology. There are currently two types of desulphurization equipment on the international market: wet scrubbers and dry scrubbers. As the wet scrubber technology is costly to install and operate and causes secondary pollution, it is unsuitable for broad applications. By contrast, the dry scrubber system is one third to one half the cost of wet scrubbers and is 15 percent more efficient. It is at present put in use in countries such as America, Japan, and Germany, and has drawn the attention of the environmental community. The dry scrubber system is capable of removing sulphur, nitrogen and dust. The key technology of the dry scrubber is the charged sorbent injection device which can be used to improve dust-removal and desulphurization efficiency so that national environmental standards can be met. The dry scrubber was introduced to China in May 1993 by the China National Environmental Protection Corporation, which is under the Ministry of Machinery Industry. Several technical seminars were held in the Power Industry, Construction Material Industry and Metallurgical Industry to introduce its capabilities. The scrubber is well suited to Chinese conditions and has both environmental and economic advantages. The Capital Iron and Steel Corporation, and Dezhou Thermal Power Plant have both ordered this equipment and will put it into use in the second half of 1994. As the dry scrubber is a new addition on the environmental market, there are few existing examples of its application in large projects. Therefore it is necessary to implement a demonstration project for training of local technicians and facilitating large scale manufacturing capacity. Since local resources are insufficient, foreign investment will play an important role in the implementation of the project. 2. Objectives Long-term Objectives To meet the objectives of China's "Air Pollution Control Law" and corresponding international agreements as well as gradually reduce economic losses caused by acid rain. To achieve this end dry scrubber systems which are suitable for the Chinese market will be imported, existing air pollution control equipment will be upgraded using advanced techniques, and local manufacturing capacity will be developed. This will promote sustainable economic development. Immediate Objectives Implement dry scrubber demonstration projects in a large power plant and in a steel plant to control dust and sulphur emissions from these facilities. The demonstration projects will supply data and technical information for wider application of dry scrubbers in China. Replacing traditional dust-removal and de-sulphurization equipment with dry scrubbers will reduce the cost of installing traditional emission control equipment by approximately US $20 million. Upgrade existing dust-removal equipment. In order to meet environmental standards and improve dust-removal and de-sulphurization efficiency, parts of the dry scrubber will be used in conjunction with ten existing dust-removal devices. This will save more than US $50 million in replacement costs. Set up manufacturing enterprises. It is proposed that dry scrubber technology will be imported into China and produced in a manufacturing plant and application centre to be established under this project. Approximately thirty technicians and administrative personnel need to be trained during the early phases of the project. The personnel will be responsible for dry scrubber manufacturing, installation, operation, marketing, and after-sales service. 3. Activities 3.1 To replace the present wet scrubber dust-removal system with dry scrubbers on the boiler of the 100 MWe Beijing Gaojing Power Plant or Shangdong Huangdao Power Plant. An international technical-support company will be invited to supervise the technology transfer and engineering. The local plant will be responsible for construction and other facilities. The proposed detail schedule is as follows: Within three months after authorization of the project, the international company will send two to three experts to China to inspect and finalize the project design; Within six months after authorization of the design, manufacturing of dry scrubbers will begin, installation and operation will commence within three months; The local plant will send technicians to the equipment source country for training. This activity will be organized by the Ministry of Machinery Industry and the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry. China National Environmental Protection Corporation and the local plant will be responsible for project implementation. The duration of this activity will be eighteen months. 3.2 Dry scrubbers will be installed at the smelter oven in Hangzhou Steel Plant or Benxi Steel Plant. An international technical-support company will be invited to supervise the technology transfer and engineering. The local plant will be responsible for construction and other facilities. The proposed detail schedule is as follows: Within three months after authorization of the project, the international company will send two to three experts to China to inspect and finalize the project design; Within six months after authorization of the design, manufacturing of dry scrubbers will begin, installation and operation will commence within three months; The local plant will send three to five experts to the equipment export country for training. This action will be organized by the Ministry of Machinery Industry and the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry. The China National Environmental Protection Corporation and the local plant will be responsible for project implementation. The duration of this activity will be sixteen months. 3.3 Ten electro-precipitators in thermal power, steel, cement and asphalt plants and the municipal heating facilities in Beijing, Qingdao and Benxi will be selected as sites for installation of dry scrubber devices. The implementation schedule is as follows: Within two months after authorization of the project, the international company will send two to three experts to China to inspect and finalize the project renovation design; Within six months after confirmation by the local plants, renovation and operation will be completed. This action will be organized by the Ministry of Mechanical Industry and the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry. The China National Environmental Protection Corporation and the local plant will be responsible for project implementation. The duration of this activity will be twelve months. 3.4 China National Environmental Protection Corporation plans to import the dry scrubber technology and manufacture it in the Dezhou Chemical Industry Machinery Plant or the Wuhan Environmental Protection Equipment Plant. The implementation schedule is as follows: Within 6 months after the authorization of the project, China Environmental Protection Corporation will send experts to the equipment source country for training. It is proposed that the international company will supply an entire set of dry scrubber blueprints and software to China National Environmental Protection Corporation to assist in product manufacturing; Within 9 months after the authorization of the project, a dry scrubber application centre will be established. It is anticipated that up to 30 technicians and administrative personnel will undergo 3 months of training in the early phases of the project. This action will be organized by the Ministry of Machinery Industry. The China National Environmental Protection Corporation and the local plant will be responsible for project implementation. The duration of this activity will be twelve months. 4. Inputs The proposed project requires the funding of US $15.56 million. Chinese inputs are US $4.50 million, and US $11.06 million of external funding is needed. International funding may be in the form of a joint venture or loan and grant. Budget (in million US dollars) Activity Chinese Input External Input Grant Soft-loan Loan Total 3.1 1.00 0.20 0.50 3.00 4.70 3.2 0.80 0.14 0.30 2.00 3.24 3.3 1.00 0.12 0.50 2.00 3.62 3.4 1.70 0.80 1.00 0.50 4.00 Total 4.50 1.26 2.30 7.50 15.56 5. Benefits When implemented, the demonstration project and the firms using upgraded equipment will save more than US $70 million in installation and operation costs. If 50 percent of existing coal-fired facilities in China adopt the dry scrubber system, more than 10 billion RMB yuan of losses incurred from acid rain will be saved. Government sulphur dioxide control targets will be met five years earlier than expected, and both Chinese and foreign manufacturers will benefit greatly. 3-4b Practical Engineering of Flue Gas Desulphurisation and Nox Removal Integrated Technology Equipments Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This project seeks to develop the electron beam irradiation process (EB process) for llue gas desulphurisation and NOx removal integrated technology and to establish a practical model for application of this technology in order to control SO2, NOx emissions. This project is based on programme areas 12B and 18A of China's Agenda 21, and related to areas 9B, 10C, 11F, and 12C concerned with clean fuel technology and the control of atmospberic pollution and acid rain. 1. Background In China the coal resource is over 60,000 million tons and coal is likely to remain the main source of energy supply for a long time in the future. At present, coal energy occupies over 75% of total energy supply. 90% of SO2. and NOx pollution is generated from coal and sulphur-bearing oil combustion. Each year the general production of coal mining is over l,100 million tons, releasing over 15 million tons of SO2; a quarter of the SO2 gas emission is contributed by thermal power plants. Emission of SO2 and NOx pollutes the atmosphere and causes acid rainfall, deteriorating soil , plants and constructions, and endangering human health. The acid rain and fog often happen in south and northwest China and economic losses resulted from the acid rain and fog are estimated at over USS 3,300 million per year (see Priority Project number 6-4). The advantage of employing the technique of electron beam irradiation-ammonia process (EB process) is that it can reduce the total pollution in flue gas and give chemical fertilizer as a side-product. The result of using this process is highly effective - it removes 85% of NOx and over 95% of sulphur. The EB process is employed in many western countries. The results in Japan and USA show the advantages over previous single sulphur removal devices by reducing investment requirements by 20%, the area occupied by 40%, and by a saving in total cost for waste material storage. The EB process has been studied in China for many years by the Research Institute of Machinery Science and Technology (RIMST) in laboratories for the removal of sulphur and NOx and the re-use of wastes. This research has achieved some good results, and some devices have been installed for industrial applications. International cooperation between RIMST and other countries, such as Japan, USA, France and Germany has been undertaken over the years and companies in Japan and France have expressed interest in joint ventures for the EB process in China's thermal power industries. Reconstruction of existing thermal power plants in Fushan, Guandong Province and others in Shichuan, Shandong Provinces for the purpose of clean production is planned and much of the domestic investment has been obtained, although there is a need for international investment and loans through joint ventures. This provides an opportunity to establish a practical example of this technology. At present, the complete set of industrial equipment with EB process for SO2 and NOx removal devices has not been installed, and as a result, the gas containing SO2 and NOx is released into atmosphere without any pretreatment. A large number of plants with the capacity to remove SO2 and NOx are urgently needed, providing an investment opportunity with huge potential in China's markets. 2. Objectives Long-term Objective The ultimate goals for introduction of EB process techniques are to develop the domestic capabilitiets, through joint venture or investment, to produce the plants to full the internal and external demands. Immediate Objectives Establish a research base for desulphurisation, NOx removal and dust removal. Import sets of EB process plants suitable to China's reconstruction needs and to establish practical models. Joint ventures for producing EB process technology plants. 3. Activities 3.1 Establishment of the research base Establish the scientific research base for desulpburisation, NOx & dust removal and reuse of waste integrated technology (EB process). This activity is organized by State Science and Technology Commission (SSTC) and the Rescarch Institute of Machinery Science and Tecbnology (RIMST). The duration of this activity is 24 months. 3.2 Construction of the model engineering Establish a practical model for flue gas desulphurisation and NOx removal integrated system (EB process) incorporated into a thennal power station. The first plant will be selected is in Fushan power statiOn. This activity will be in cooperation with Ebara Manufacturing Co. Japan, Vivirad Co. France, or any other foreign companies that have this tecbnology. This activity is also organized by SSTC and RIMST and the Fushan thermal power plant. The duration of this activity is 36 months. 3.3 Establishment of joint venture company for EB process industry The company will ultimately produce the EB process equipments and related devices supplying to Cbina and foreign countries. This activity is organized by SSTC and in charge by the Ministry of Machinery Industry. Duration of this activity is 30 months. 3.4 Training of technicians and experts Implementing of training includes foreign experts visiting and lecturing in China and Chinese co- workers to be trained in abroad. This activity is organized by SSTC, and executed by RIMST and the relevant companies. The duration of this activity is 48 months. 4. Inputs 4.1 Chinese inputs This project requires total amount of input of US $23.2 million from China. Engineering and equipments Office facilities Relevant devices Training fee for researchers - Foreign experts - Chinese experts and researchers Invest from joint venture Extras 4.2 International inputs Total amount of inputs requires US $15.8 million by grants, loans and through joint ventures. Engineering and Equipments Office facilities Relevant devices Training fee for researchers - Foreign experts - Chinese experts and researches Extras Invest from foreign joint venture 4. 3 Budget This project requires the demand of US $39 million, including the aid from foreign countries US $7.8 million, international hard loans US $5 million and international invent US $3 million, and the Chinese government and domestic companies will invest US $23.2 million. Budget(in million US dollars) Items Chinese Input External Input Grant Loan Joint-venture Total Demonstration of project 20.00 5.00 5.00 30.00 Foreign experts 0.50 1.00 1.50 Chinese experts 0.50 1.00 1.50 Devices and facilities 0.50   Text Browser Utilities: [ Back ACCA21 Home] For more information about ACCA21 contact: web@acca21.edu.cn Address: 109 Wanquanhe Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, People's Republic of China Telephone: +86-10-82636193, +86-10-82634400 Ext.2401 Fax: +86-10-82636192