4-4 Emission Control, Energy Economy and Improvement of Safety for Automotive Products Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 The project is based on programme areas 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, and 13B of China's Agenda 21, and related to programme areas 18A and 18C. 1. Background In the next 20 years, the annual automotive production output of China will reach 6 million, and the number of automobiles in use will increase to 50 million. With this in mind, China must continue its efforts to keep emission pollution at the lowest possible level in order to make significant progress in protecting the environment. China's automotive industry is in its infancy. Consequently, its product level does not favourably compare with the international level. Fuel consumption of China's auto products is 10 30 percent higher than comparable products from overseas. The emission of pollutants from automobiles made in China is about 15 20 times greater than comparable foreign vehicles. In China, the average accident death rate is 7.5 times that of overseas countries, calculated according to the number of motor vehicles in use. The Chinese government began to implement automotive emission standards in 1984. At present, the automotive emission standard formulated with reference to ECER15 is being carried out. It is planned that particulate emission standards for vehicular diesel engines will be issued and implemented by 2000. Regarding automotive safety, China is just at the initial stage in its technical research capacity. Now, automotive safety standards are formulated with reference to EEC regulations; however, final implementation is not possible due to the lack of equipment for testing and experimental verification. In order to decrease the energy consumption and emission pollution of China's automotive products, the Chinese government is giving support on the establishment of the joint venture corporation which will produce the electronic control system (EMS) of engines for vehicle use. According to the programme, a production capability of 300 thousand units will be realized in 1996, and it is expected that 1 million units will be sold and applied in the domestic market by the year of 2000. The United Nations and international financial organizations have paid close attention and given great support to China's automotive industry, particularly for research and development of energy efficiency, emission control, and safety improvement. The projects are as follows: United Nation Development Programme (UNDP) is financing an emission control and passive safety project for the formulation of standards for China's automotive industry. The main organization undertaking this project is the China Automotive Technology and Research Center; Loans from the World Bank have provided financial support for the establishment of the State's key laboratory for automotive safety and energy economy at Tsinghua University. 2. Objectives Long term and Immediate Objectives Improve the technical level of China's automotive products, and realize the targets of 50 percent emission decrease, 10 percent average energy efficiency, and increase safety performance by 100 percent. Formulate and perfect the regulations for completely controlling automotive emissions and the testing evaluation methods for automotive emission and energy efficiency products, reduce by 50 percent the emission of pollutants from petrol and diesel engines produced for domestically made vehicles and establish a related testing center. Reduce fuel consumption of motor vehicles by ten percent compared with the present level, and meanwhile improve the automobile emission level and safety performance. Establish an EMS System Engineering Center, which will formulate the technical standards for the matching of EMS with engines, and will carry out the preliminary R&D work for the application of the electronic technologies to motor vehicles. Improve the safety performance of vehicles made in China. Construct an impact testing facility for full scale vehicles, and carry out the development and application of main auto safety technologies, e.g. ABS, safety air bags, etc. 3. Activities 3.1 Automotive emission control Formulate standards for automotive emission and fuel consumption and establish technical specifications and management systems for testing and inspecting which conform to Chinese conditions. Conduct research and development in order to reduce by 50 percent the pollution emissions from petrol and diesel engines used in medium sized trucks. Establish an evaluation index of the present situation regarding China's automotive emissions. Conduct research and development on the production of materials and equipment to enhance auto emission purification. Establish a sample center of auto emission pollution control. Conduct comprehensive research on reducing the emission and energy efficiency for light vehicle diesel engines. Screen all the purification methods for internal and external engine emission. Disseminate the technical programmes which are suitable to the particular situation of China, and formulate technical guidelines for reducing emission pollution and energy consumption of Chinese automotive products. The duration of this activity will be four years. 3.2 Research on energy efficiency for automobile products. Establish a performance testing bed and durability testing bed for EMS system and its accessories. Establish an ECU analyzing laboratory, to build capacity for logical analysis and software development for the EMS system and other automotive electronic systems. Establish a data base for engine improvement design and testing. The duration of this activity will be two years. 3.3 Research on improving automotive safety performance. Design and demonstrate a programme of full scale vehicle collision test equipment, complete the building of full scale vehicle collision test laboratory. Research on the application of ABS on the liquid brake system. Research on the application of ABS on the gas brake system. The duration of this activity will be four years. 3.4 Organizing training courses for the application of new technologies in: Reducing auto emission pollution. Increasing auto safety performance. Application of EMS and other electronic systems. The duration of this activity will be six years. This project is implemented by the Ministry of Machinery Industry (MMI) and the National Environment Protection Agency (NEPA). 4. Inputs 4.1 Chinese Inputs project management transportation and office expenses for the domestic experts and other staff, also the necessary facilities which can be obtained in China related scientific technical materials and statistics the development and research of some testing equipment the requisition of land for the lab, and building construction management of the materials and equipment 4.2 International cooperation costs of from both domestic and foreign experts various instruments, apparatus and equipment which must be purchased from abroad in the implementation of the project various scientific and technical material, statistics and special information from abroad which are necessary in carrying out the project 4.3 Budget It is estimated that US $50 million is needed to carry out the project, of which $8.7 million will come from the government and $16 million from the participating domestic units. $25.3 million is sought from the international community, of which, $2 million will be in grants, $5.3 million in soft loans, and $18 million in hard loans. The details are listed in the annexed tables. Budget (in million US dollars) Activity Chinese Input External Input Grant Soft loan Loan Total 3.1 9.60 0.5 2.1 7.00 19.2 3.2 5.10 0.5 2.0 3.00 10.6 3.3 9.50 0.8 1.2 8.00 19.5 3.4 0.50 0.2 0.7 Total 24.70 2.0 5.3 18.00 50.00 5. Benefits The implementation of this project will give China more scientific and strict standards on vehicle emission, fuel consumption, and safety performance. The project will also greatly increase the ability of the State to monitor the automotive industry, to enhance the fairness and authority of the inspection of vehicles produced by both local and foreign manufacturers, and to help remove artificial international trade barriers. Through this project, energy consumption will be further lowered. For example, a 10 percent savings in fuel consumption would yield savings of 3 million tons of fuel per year, and thus greatly lower the emission of pollutants. 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