6-1 Water Pollution Control and Waste Water Reclamation Demonstration in Sanya and Qingdao Cities A. Water Pollution Control and Protection of Water Resources in Sanya City, Hainan Island B. Sustainable Utilization and Protection of Water Resources in Qingdao 6-1a Water Pollution Control and Protection of Water Resources in Sanya City, Hainan Island Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This project seeks to protect water resources, rare animal and plant species, such as coral and mangroves widely distributed along the Sanya coastal areas while insuring the sustainable development of Sanya City, Hainan Province. It was developed based on programme areas 7C, 14E, and 14F of China's Agenda 21 concerning sustainable development in the service sector, the protection and utilization of fresh water resources, and the exploitation and protection of marine resources. 1. Background Sanya City is a tropical coastal city located in Hainan Island, the southernmost province of China. It is currently developing as one of China's premier resorts due to its scenic beauty, clean environment and relatively warm winter climate. Ranked as the second largest city of Hainan Province, Sanya is one of major ports on the island and trades with both the Chinese mainland and the countries of Southeastern Asia. At present, Sanya has a relatively good transportation infrastructure which is being further developed in anticipation of its expanding tourist, industrial and trade sectors. However, the city's environmental and sanitation infrastructure can not sustain the anticipated increase in tourism as forecast for the year 2000. As a coastal city, water resources are of great importance for the development of the tourist industry. Therefore, water pollution control and water resource protection are the key to sustainable development. Rare animal and plant species such as coral and mangroves are widely distributed along the Sanya coastal areas. This proposed project is aimed at protecting these resources while insuring the sustainable development of Sanya city. Both the central and local governments have recognized the fragile nature of the city's undisturbed coastline and have initiated environmental protection measures and pollution control strategies to preserve this vital economic resource. The city will revise the Sanya development master plan to include related components of China's Agenda 21, to formulate environmental protection plans for a coastal tourism development zone and for the municipality. The city has also welcomed international collaboration in its efforts to protect the regional coastal and water resources. As a developing city, Sanya lacks water resource protection and utilization strategies, laws and regulations governing water quality protection, as well as water resources management experiences and capabilities. The lack of capacities falls into two broad areas: the technical and financial. The lack of wastewater treatment and monitoring technologies prevents the achievement of water resource protection and the shortage of financial resources make it difficult to construct adequate wastewater treatment facilities. Sanya therefore urgently needs funding to import and install advanced treatment systems suitable for the conditions of the city. 2. Objectives Long-term Objectives To install and operate a municipal water pollution control and water quality monitoring system in order to protect water resources. The system will be used to protect water quality and the coastal ecosystem balance, to mitigate impacts of economic development and to establish a sustainable tourist industry. Immediate Objectives Formulate the Sanya municipal water resources utilization plan as well as laws and regulations for environmental protection of tourism resources. Formulate local laws and regulations for environmental protection of coral reefs and mangrove forests. Establish a water quality monitoring system and management information system for water resources management and develop the management capacity to protect water resources. Import advanced waste water treatment equipment needed. 3. Activities 3.1 Formulate the Sanya Municipal Water Resource Utilization Plan and corresponding laws and regulations. The planning process will include determination of regional water development budgets and water resources protection strategies in the following areas: Water utilization from the Sanya River and delta; Drinking water resource protection priorities; Water quality protection objectives for various regions; Planning for a water pollution control system; Formulating local water resources quality protection laws and regulations; Formulating protection strategies for protection of coastal ecosystems including coral reef and mangrove forests; This activity will be organized by the State Science and Technology Commission and the Sanya Municipal Government. The duration of this activity will be three years. 3.2 Establish a Municipal Waste Water Treatment System consisting of waste water treatment plants. Establish three municipal waste water treatment plants in three geographic locations. - Hongsha waste water treatment plant (80,000 tons/day). - Yanglan waste water treatment plant (90,000 tons/day). - Lizhigou waste water treatment plant (170,000 tons/day). These three plants may be established by a joint venture or as a BOT project. Establish an environmentally acceptable municipal wastewater discharge system. Establish a waste water reuse system for grassland irrigation. This activity will be organized by the State Planning Commission and the Sanya Municipal Government. The duration of this activity will be four years. 3.3 Manage the East River and the West River in Sanya in a comprehensive manner. Establish a waste water interception system and reinforce both river banks. Remove contaminated sludge and sediments in the river. Protect mangrove forests. Control oil pollution from the Sanya Port and estuary. This activity will be organized by the State Planning Commission and the Sanya Municipal Government. The duration of this activity will be four years. 3.4 Protect and cultivate a coastal eco-system in Sanya. Protect and cultivate the tidal mangrove forests. Protect and cultivate the coral reefs at Dadonghai. This proposed activity may be undertaken by a joint venture, or environmental fund or an international financial institution. The action will be organized by the State Science and Technology Commission and the Sanya Municipal Government. The duration of this activity will be four years. 3.5 Establish a municipal water quality monitoring system and management information system Establish water quality monitoring system for tourism in the Sanya River. Establish water Pollutants discharge monitoring system. Establish sea waters current monitoring system for tourism. Establish a water quality monitoring database. Establish forecasting and decision-making system of water resources management. Build capacity for management and monitoring personnel. Purchase monitoring equipments and instruments for water quality management. This action will be organized to by the State Science and Technology Commission and the Sanya Municipal Government. The duration of this activity will be five years. 4. Inputs The proposed budget for implementing the project actions outlined above is estimated at US$ 15 million, of which 8 million will require international funding and 10 million will come from domestic contributions. Sanya city welcomes joint venture and BOT proposals. Budget (in million US dollars) Activity Chinese Inputs Government Local External Input Grant loan Total 3.1 0.10 0.10 3.2 3.00 3.00 3.00 9.00 3.3 1.00 2.00 3.00 6.00 3.4 0.20 0.30 1.50 2.00 3.5 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.30 0.90 Total 4.50 5.50 0.20 7.80 18.00 5. Benefits The proposed project scope will assist Sanya in reducing pollution from existing sources as well as in protecting the water and marine environment along the municipal coast. The importing of advanced technologies and equipment, combined with personnel training and capacity building will promote environmental protection, sustainable development of the tourism industry and coastal bio-diversity.   6-1b The Sustainable Utilization and Protection of Water Resources in Qingdao Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This project is based on programme area 14E of China's Agenda 21, and related to programme areas 7C and 14F. It will be seek to sustainably utilize and protect water resource in Qingdao city. l.Background Qingdao city is located in the southeastern tip of Shandong peninsula and is bordered by the Yellow sea in the east. Qingdao city has an area of 10,654 square kilometres with a population of more than 6.7 million and is a famous economic center and open city cbaracterized by its industrial base, foreign trade port, marine research center and sightseeing tourism. With excellent investment environment and preferential policies, Qingdao has become a popular city of investment for home and abroad. In recent years, the GNP of Qingdao has been increasing at a rate of about 22% , and the rapid economic development has brought vigorous and prospective future to Qingdao city. However, Qingdao is a city with one of the most serious water-shortages in the north of China. The mean annual precipitation is about 680 mm, the total amount of water resources is 2,470 million cubic meter, and the average amount of water per capita is only 370 cubic meter - 14% of the state level and 4% of the world level. According to forecasts, the city will face even more serious water- shortages in the beginning of the 21st century. Water pollution has further increased the shortage. This is likely to restrict economic development and cause the deterioration of the environment. Therefore, in order to ensure sustainable development of both society and the economy while protecting the environment will require improved water management, control of waste water effluent, protection of water resources, and recycling use of waste water. The municipality of Qingdao city has clearly realized the importance and urgency of the sustainable utilization and protection of water resources, and treatment of waste water. Since the beginning of the 1980s, research on exploitation, utilization and protection of water resources has been undertaken. During the 7th five year-plan period, one of the national key projects of the science and technology program - "Present status, Tendency and Strategy on Water Resources in Qingdao City" was completed. In the early 1990's, with the support of UNDP and the cooperation of Qinghua University, a project on "The Study on Water Resources Management Model on Qingdao City" was completed. Research work on areas such as "Evaluation and protection of Water Environment" was also undertaken, and the Water Resources Management and Research Center of Qingdao City was set up. A number of sewage treatment plants have also been constructed. Some problems such as outdated methods and management systems, wastage of water resources, and a low rate of water utilization still exist. The direct discharge of waste water from urban district and towns continues to jeopardize water quality and water sources. The over exploitation of ground water is causing sea water intrusion and exhaustion of water resources. Although a lot of work have been done by Qingdao municipality, the problems have not been solved essentially because of technology and financial limitations. Water from external sources continuous to be diverted because of the shortage of local water resources and difficulties with utilization. Better management systems, environmentally sound technologies, better facilities and finances are necessary to tackle these pressing problems. 2. Objectives Long-term Objectives To obtain the best social and economic benefit from the exploitation and sustainable utilization of water resources by strengthening the protection of these resources and control of water pollution. Immediate Objectives To improve comprehensive and integrated management of the water resources in Qingdao city, and to train the technicians and management personnel. To introduce and popularize the advanced water-saving technologies, and to build demonstration water-saving projects for industry and agriculture. To introduce and extend advanced technologies and facilities from China and overseas, to build projects for protection of water sources sites, waste-water treatment plants, and projects for waste-water reuse. To complete existing projects on diversion of water from the Yellow River and to investigate alternative sources of freshwater. 3. Activities 3.1 The strategic research and plan on the sustainable utilization of water sources. To investigate and implement a policy of appropriate water prices; To study and carry out research and adjustment of industrial structure and industrial distribution; To predict and evaluate water environment, to plan water pollution control and protection of water sources sites; To make plans of increasing the efficiency of water utilization and reuse of waste water and to put these plans into implementation; To study the prevention measures and treatment of sea water intrusion; To set up decision-making systems for water resources management in Qingdao city; To establish execution agency of comprehensive management of water resources, and to train technicians and management personnel; To improve the network system of automatic remote monitor of water quantity and quality. 3.2 Water-Saving and Circulatory Use of Water To introduce and develop advanced new technologies,new equipments and new technical ways, and to set up water-saving demonstration projects in the large water-consuming enterprises such as Qingdao Steel Plant and Qingdao Soda Factory. To introduce advanced technologies and equipment, and to establish an agricultural water- saving irrigation demonstration area(about 10 thousand hectares). After implementation of above measures, the amount of water-saving will reach 20 million cubi meters each year. 3.3 The Protection of Water Resources and Reuse of Waste Water To set up demonstration projects of waste water treatment (40,000tons/day) and waste water reuse in the upstream of Dago river basin in order to improve water quality of Dago river and its water source sites; The amount of reuse waste water will reach 14 million cubic meters each year; To build projects for recharge of ground water and the prevention of sea water intrusion; The amount of recharge of ground water will be 40 million cubic meters each year; To set up projects of waste water treatment and reuse of waste water in the urban district (located in LicunHe, 80,000 Tons/day); The amount of reuse of water should reach 30 million tons per year; To establish demonstration project of waste water treatment in Qingdao Pesticide Factory and Qingdao Textile Mill . 3.4 Developing New Water Resources Projects To complete the second phase of the project to divert water from Yellow River to Qingdao. This will increase the volume of diverted water by 140 million cubic meters per year to 250 million cubic meters. The capacity of the reservoir will be increased to 110 million cubic meters from the current level of 30 million cubic meters; To introduce advanced equipment from foreign countries to build water purifying and distributing projects; To set up a sea water utilization plant which will supply 280,000 tons per day; To carry out research and testing of techniques for desalination of sea water and salt-making from dense sea water in Qingdao Soda Plant. These project will introduce advanced technologies and equipment from foreign countries and cooperation of Sino-foreign countries. This project will be implemented by SPC & SSTC, Qingdao Government, and the State Education Commission. The duration of this project will be four years. 4. Inputs The total cost of this project will be US $ 260 million. The Chinese contribution will be US $ 130 million, foreign grants of US $ 2 million, and loans (including construction invested by foreign countries) will be US $ 128 million. The loans provided by foreign countries will be repaid by Qingdao municipality's guarantee (not including the part of construction invested by foreign countries), listed as follows: Budget (in million US dollars) Activity Chinese Inputs External Inputs Total Grant Loan 3.1 1.0 1.0 -- 2 3.2 6.0 0.5 7.5 14 3.3 33 -- 31 64 3.4 90 0.5 89.5 180 Total 130 2.0 128 260 5. Benefits This project will manage water resources to meet Qingdao's water supply needs through a combination of water saving techniqus, more efficient utilization of existing resources, better control of water pollution, protection of water sources and the diversion of water from other sources. The quality of water supply and the water environment will be improved, thus helping to build a city that is environmentally sustainble. The project will build capacity through the introduction of advanced and environmentally sound technologies and equipment, and by management and technical training. Monitoring network for water quality and water enviroment will be set up and provide information for decision making. The project will also serve to provide a model for sustainable human settlement development in cities short of water.   Text Browser Utilities: [Back, ACCA21 Home] For more information about ACCA21 contact: web@acca21.edu.cn Address: 109 Wanquanhe Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, People's Republic of China Telephone: +86-10-82636193, +86-10-82634400 Ext.2401 Fax: +86-10-82636192