6-2 Comprehensive Renovation of Regional Water Environment A. Environmental Water Treatment Project in Northern Jiangsu B. Waste Water Treatment Demonstration Project in Luohe City Henan Province C. Integrated Water Management in the Jingsha Urban Area   6-2a Environmental Water Treatment Project in Northern Jiangsu Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This project seeks to establish an environmental treatment project in Northern Jiangsu on the basis of scientific research, and make this a demonstration project for environmental water treatment in East China. It is based on programme area 14C of China's Agenda 21 - Protection and Utilization of Water Resources. 1. Background Jiangsu Province is an open economic zone located on China's eastern coast. It has a dense population, a developed economy, and serious pollution problems. The area of Jiangsu province is only 1% of the country, but the population is 6%, while the GNP (Gross National Product) is 12%, and total revenue is 10%. The population of Northern Jiangsu is 4.5 million, and land area is 70,000 km2, which is about 70% of the whole province. It is undoubtedly Northern Jiangsu, including the 6 cities of Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Huaiyin, Yancheng, Yangzhou and Nantong, that has great potential for developing its economy. As the Grand Canal and the Tongyu Canal both flow through Northern Jiangsu from north to south,and proposed railways and highways also run through it, a complete water-land-air transportationsystem is currently being established. With rapid development of the Asia-Pacific region and China'seastern coast, the dream of prosperity in Northern Jiangsu will soon come true. However, there are environmental constraints to growth. Public facilities in the central cities are inadequate and water in most towns has been polluted. The waterway network supplies water for millions of people in Northern Jiangsu, and is the pathway of transporting water from southern to northern region. Once that water is polluted, millions of people will be in danger. It is therefore urgent for Northern Jiangsu to protect its water supplies to keep the economy developing rapidly and continuously. Furthermore, beach ecosystems are very fragile, and the wildlife resources are abundant. For example, migratory birds living in the beach number 200 species. So it is very important that the ecological engineering should purify sewage while preserving the environment from pollution. It should protect wild organisms while reconstructing the landscape and also should remove pollution loading at a low cost while producing various bioproducts. In 1992, the Jiangshu Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) set up research programs on water quality in Northern Jiangsu. The strategic plan proposed by Nanjing University is to build northern, middle, and southern open sewage canals to gather most sewage from cities and towns in Northern Jiangsu, and transport it to the beach of the Yellow Sea, where a large beach ecological engineering will be constructed to convert water into bioproducts, and improve the beach environment. As the sewage from towns reaches the Yangtze River, it will be treated, then discharged into the river. This proposal has gained acknowledgement and support from the Jiangsu EPB and each local EPB in Northern Jiangsu, and was highly praised by Mr. Ji Chaozhu, the Under Secretary General of the United Nations, and Prof. Qu Geping, the Chairman of the Environmental Protection Committee of the National People's Congress. 2. Objectives Long-term Objectives Establish an environmental treatment project in Northern Jiangsu on the basis of scientific research, and make this a demonstration project for environmental water treatment in East China. Immediate Objectives Establish northern, middle, and southern sewage canal networks in Northern Jiangsu. Design sewage transportation loading of the system of 3 million tons per day during the initial period and 5 million tons per day during the subsequent period. Construct northern, middle, and southern ecological engineering on the beach. In the initial period, 100 km2 of beaches will be used as treatment areas and the treatment capacity will be 3 million tons per day. Then the treatment capacity will reach 5 million tons per day and 200 km2 of beaches will be used. Construct projects for sewage collection and sludge disposal in cities and towns in Northern Jiangsu. Construct projects for discharging sewage directly into the Yangtze River in Yangzhou and Nantong. Present plans for treating poisonous and non-degradable pollutants. Complete fundamental research, feasibility analysis, proposal comparison and decisions, engineering design and demonstration of all the projects mentioned above. 3. Activities 3.1 Determine the strategy and plan for environmental water treatment project in Northern Jiangsu. Predict the economic development potential and the industrial layout of Northern Jiangsu. Analyze the environmental capacity of Northern Jiangsu. Determine a strategy for water environmental treatment in Northern Jiangsu. The duration of this activity will be one and half years. 3.2 Study the pre-treatment methods of poisonous and non-degradable pollutants. List poisonous and non-degradable pollutants and set the standards for discharging sewage into the canal network Present plans to control and treat poisonous and non-degradable pollutants discharged from point sources in every city and town. The duration of this activity will be one and half years. 3.3 Establish urban sewage collection and sludge disposal dam. Make a systematic plan for urban sewage canals. Map out sludge disposal and utilization plan. The duration of this activity will be one year. 3.4 Conduct sewage canal network study project. Make a layout plan of the main sewage canals. Study the capacity of sewage self-purification in open canals. Assess the impacts of sewage canals on underground water quality and control techniques. Assess the impacts of the sewage canals on the bank environment and control techniques. Formulate a plan for sewage canal separation from clean rivers The duration of this activity will be three and half years. 3.5 Conduct a study on beach ecological engineering. Select the project site. Study the technological processes of sewage treatment. Study the techniques of developing and utilizing bioproducts in ecological engineering. Study the relationship of the project with beach biological diversity. Study the social, economic and ecological benefits of the project. Investigate the marine biological diversity of the Yellow Sea in effluent areas. Study water quality criterion for sensitive species in the Yellow Sea. Simulate the concentration fields in effluent areas. The duration of this activity will be three and half years. 3.6 Study the project of discharging urban sewage into the Yangtze River. Investigate aquatic biological resources and study water quality criterion for sensitive species in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Investigate the impact of the sewage disposal project of Nanjing and Zhenjiang on aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River. Study the pollutant load capacity of the Yangtze River. Research pretreatment methods for urban sewage and the standards for connecting sewage pipes. Select a site for drainage pipes and simulation of concentration fields. The duration of this activity will be four years. 3.7 Construct environmental water treatment project in Northern Jiangsu, including all the items listed in the objectives of this programme. The duration of this activity will be three and half years. 3.8 Research the management systems of the environmental water treatment project in Northern Jiangsu. Establish a series of regulations for the areas of environmental assessment on newly-built and rebuilt works, charges for environmental construction, effluent charges, raising and using funds for capital construction and operation of the project, canal network preservation and engineering management. The duration of this activity will be one and half years. This project implementing agency will be the Jiangsu Environmental Protection Bureau. 4. Inputs The estimated cost of the project is US $325.3 million, including external grant of US $1.3 million, Chinese inputs of $154 million and external loans of US $170 million, which will be used to build the environmental water treatment project in Northern Jiangsu. Jiangsu Province has the capability of paying off the debts and is responsible for the loan. Budget by activity (in million US dollars) Activity Chinese Inputs External Input Grant loan Total 3.1 0.20 0.10 0.30 3.2 0.20 0.10 0.30 3.3 0.20 0.10 0.30 3.4 0.30 0.20 0.50 3.5 0.60 0.40 1.00 3.6 0.20 0.20 0.40 3.7 152.0 170.0 322.0 3.8 0.30 0.20 0.5 Total 154.0 1.30 170.0 325.3 Budget (in million US dollars) Items Inputs Engineering construction 320.3 Outdoor experiments and indoor tests 2.0 Project management 0.3 Domestic person's trip allowance and office facilities 0.5 Import advanced equipment, instruments and materials 1.0 Research costs 0.7 International cooperation research 0.5 Total 325.3 5. Benefits Beach resources will be utilized to build a large engineering project, which will not only complete the strategic goals of removing most of the pollution load on the beach, but will also produce ecological and economic benefits. The sewage canal network will collect and transport urban sewage away so as to protect water quality. It will not only be important for economic development, but also improve the investment environment and increase economic development in the region. The environmental water treatment project in Northern Jiangsu will provide new experiences and models for protection of water resources in China, and will also set a new precedent for the protection of water resources in developing countries. 6-2b Waste Water Treatment Demonstration Project in Luohe City Henan Province Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 The project seeks to establish the capability of Luohe City, Henan Province for municipal waste water treatment, including the areas of reduction of pollutant concentrations in the discharged waste water, improvement of the biodegradability of the discharged water, etc. The project is based on programme area 10C of China's Agenda 21 - Improvement of the Human Settlement Environment, and related to programme area 10B - Construction of Infrastructure and Improvement of Human Settlement Functions and 14C - Protection and Utilization of Water Resources. 1. Background There are 400 medium and small sized cities in China, discharging 10 billion tons of waste water every year. Waste water pollution in China is a serious concern. At present, water pollution has exacerbated water shortage, and given to many diseases along rivers. All this has limited economic development. Therefore it is important to treat and recycle waste water and encourage environmentally sustainable economic development. Luohe city is a typical city in terms of industrial structure and water pollution. Industrial and municipal waste water discharges in urban areas is 86,000 tons per day. Organic pollution (COD) is about 11,795 tons per day. The main pollution sources are paper mills, meat plants, chemical fertilizer plants, leather and tanning plants and fibre plants. This proposed project will be an important model for the whole nation. Since the 1970s, waste water discharges from cities increased and badly polluted the Heihe River. The river water is black and odorous and devoid of aquatic life. People living along the river have developed liver diseases, cancer and other serious health problems. Many animals have died from consuming the river water. China presently lacks technology and manufacturing capability for small and medium-sized municipal waste water treatment plants. There is also a lack of management skills. The Henan People's Congress has listed the Heihe pollution problem as one of the 20 most important problems for the government to address. The government is determined to solve the problem. A leading group for Heihe pollution control headed by the Mayor was established, and then the Luohe City Waste Water Treatment Company. A design institute was entrusted to do the feasibility study which determined that more than US$ 5.7 million needs to be invested for the industrial waste water treatment. 2. Objectives Long-term Objectives Set up a management system for small and medium-sized waste water treatment projects and foster environmentally sustainable economic development in small and medium-sized cities. Immediate Objectives Set up a waste water treatment system in Luohe city. The system shall include six industrial waste water treatment plants, a secondary waster water treatment plant with a capacity of 140,000 m3/day and a tertiary waste water recycling plant with a capacity of 50,000 m3/day Purify the waste water from the main waste sources to meet industrial waste discharge standards Recycle waste water in the City. The water system will supply 50,000 tons of water per day, with BOD of less than 10 mg/l for industrial use. This will prevent decline in groundwater levels in the urban areas of Luohe City Establish a management system and disseminate technologies of waste water treatment Introduce advanced industrial and municipal waste water treatment technologies and learn experience from other countries 3. Activities 3.1 Treat industrial effluent from 11 major pollution sources in the City, including paper mills, chemical plants, as well as meat processing, leather/tanning, printing and dyeing, and pharmaceutical plants. Introduce advanced foreign technologies for the treatment of the waste water from straw pulp processing, cotton pulp processing, bleaching waste water from paper mills containing phenol chloride, printing and dyeing and pharmaceutical industries containing high concentrations of organic pollutants Develop the technologies needed for the treatment of the waste water from chemical plants, such as polyamine processing, meat processing and abattoir waste, and leather tanning effluent The duration of this activity will be two years. 3.2 Set up a waste water pipeline and a secondary municipal waste water treatment plant with a capacity of 140,000 tons per day, maintain the municipal drainage system and separate rain water from waste water. The municipal waste water treatment plant requires international advanced technology and equipment. The duration of this activity will be three years. 3.3 Construct a tertiary waste water treatment plant and a water distribution centre which can be used to recycle waste water. A 10 kilometers pipeline and a pump station are needed. Nitrate and phosphate treatment technologies need to be imported for this project. The duration of this activity will be four years. 3.4 Set up a national training centre for technical and management personnel, especially for the officials from small and medium-sized cities, environmental protection organizations, engineering corporations, engineering design institutes and relevant equipment manufacturing firms. The duration of this activity will be three years. This project will be implemented by the Luohe Municipal Government with the participation of the Waste Water Treatment Company of Luohe City. The China National Environmental Protection Corporation will provide technical support. 4. Inputs The total Chinese inputs for this project will be US $20.76 million, international inputs will be US $21.4 million including US $13 million of commercial loan and US $4 million of soft loan and US $4.40 million of grant. The Chinese inputs will be provided by beneficiary enterprises and local governments. The budget is as follows: Budget (in million US dollars) Activity Chinese Inputs International Inputs Grant soft-loan Loan Total 3.1 6.85 2.80 9.65 3.2 11.61 4.00 13.00 28.61 3.3 1.15 0.80 1.95 3.4 1.15 0.80 1.95 Total 20.76 4.40 4.00 13.00 42.16 5. Benefits When the demonstration project has been set up, it will clean up the Heihe River, reduce more than 36 million tons of waste water discharges and 4,900 tons of organic pollutant and other hazardous wastes, and recycle 16.0 million tons of waste water every year and thus release the tension of water shortages in the City. The incidence of disease among people living along the river will be reduced by 70%. The Heihe river's water quality and the ecological environment along the river will improve. The 5.75 million irrigation facilities on the river will be usable again. More than US$ 11.50 million will be saved every year. The project will help other small and medium-sized cities to protect their water environment and ensure environmentally sustainable economic development in those cities.It will also aid the development of Chinese environmental industries. 6-2c Integrated Water Management in the Jingsha Urban Area Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This proposed project aims at, in an integrative way, reducing industrial water pollution, river floods and a water borne disease caused by these floods in the Jingsha urban area. The project is based on the objective of managing sustainable development as indicated in programme area 6A in China's Agenda 21. It will contribute to reducing the harmful impacts of endemic diseases, developing cleaner production and mitigating floods, mentioned in programme areas 9D, 12B and 17B respectively. 1. Background The twin-city of Jingsha - the name being composed of the first parts of Jingzhou and Shashi - plays an important role in the development of the Jiangling County, the Jingzhou District and even Hubei province. Shashi is a new national star city of light industry. Jingzhou has a history of 2600 years and is a major tourist centre now. Shashi has over 10,000 industrial and mineral enterprises, which benefit from a good infrastructure. The telecommunication network, airport and harbour are highly modernized, whereas a new highway and railway are due to be finished. Human capacities are rather well developed, showing in science and technology, medical care and public sanitation. The economic boom, however, has its darker sides too. The river is heavily polluted by the industries. In 1993, about 260 million tons of waste water and about 1.3 million tons of solid industrial waste was emitted. The poor quality of drinking water seriously endangers health conditions, and even affects stone constructions such as the ancient walls around Jingzhou. Moreover, the river brings floods about every two years, if the water body cannot flush rapidly through many sharp bends downstream. The poor embankments and the drainage system of canals and pipes are already blocked by solid waste disposal from factories. Up to 4,000 ha. of stagnant water and muddy soil, resulting from the floods, are breeding grounds for snails (schistosome). About 4,000 inhabitants suffer from the infectious snail fever (schistosomiasis) every year. The integrative approach required has been adopted by the provincial government by taking the responsibility for a comprehensive environmental regulation. The Shashi municipality prepares a plan to control fifteen pollution sources, with the support of a World Bank investment. The experiences gained from this project could be useful for the implementation of the proposed project. 2. Objective Long-term Objectives Tackle comprehensively three wastes related problems in the Jingzhou-Shashi urban area so as to reduce industrial water pollution, reinforce the safety of river embankments and expunge the snail fever. These environmental improvements will stimulate the economic and social development and function as a demonstration of environmental management. Immediate Objectives Conduct a study on the urban environment and revise the regional environment management programme. Establish a regional environmental database and an environmental information system to support planning and decision making. Treat the industrial waste water with advanced clean technologies and introduce process- integrated production. Complete the construction of the embankments of the river in the city. Expunge snails and snail fever. Establish an education and training centre to improve the public environmental awareness. 3. Activities 3.1 Revise the environmental management programme. Revise the regional environment management programme. Design criteria for identifying relevant categories of people and their environmental and economic understanding, interests and behaviour. The duration of this activity will be two years. 3.2 Formulate sustainable development strategies and establish supportive systems for sustainable development of urban areas, including a regional resources and environment monitoring network, a regional environment database, and a decision making supportive system. The duration of this activity will be two years. 3.3 Build end-of-pipe treatment plants and introduce cleaner process-integrated industrial production which also reaches higher efficiency (win-win target). Build two secondary sewage water treatment plants for the urban area of Jingzhou and Shashi. Expand the capacity of the existing water treatment plants for the discharges from the printing and dyeing mills of Shashi city. Set up a powder coal comprehensive utility unit which recycles its solid waste and thus combined process-integration with high efficiency. Set up a yellow phosphorous tail gas collection plant of the Shalong Agricultural Chemicals Limited Company, with combined process-integration and high efficiency. The duration of this activity will be three years. 3.4 Reinforce river embankments, improve urban drainage and eliminate snail fever . Complete the Zuzhou River embankment project. Complete the drainage of the West Main Canal and Chihu Lake. Complete the embankment, urban drainage, historic wall restoration, and ring roads construction of the ancient Jingzhou city. Complete the snail fever (schistosomiasis) elimination project. The duration of this activity will be three years. 3.5 Establish a training centre. Establish an environment education and training centre to increase the public environment awareness. Identify relevant categories of people to study their environmental perceptions, local knowledge, short and long term interests, and individual and collective interests. On the basis of this study, apply communication techniques to build human capacities of trainees. The duration of this activity will be two years. All activities will be executed by the Shashi Municipal Government and the government of Jingjiang District, The Planning Commission of Hubei province will be responsible for the supervision. 4. Inputs 4.1 Chinese inputs Project management Inviting experts, transportation and office equipments Purchase of equipments and instruments Initialization of the demonstrative projects Data collection 4.2 International cooperation Purchase of equipments and instruments Experts Data collection Initialization of the demonstrative projects Personnel training. 4.3 Budget The project requires a total investment of US$ 56.40 million, of which US$ 21.66 million will come from domestic funding, and US$ 34.74 million from international grant assistance and loans. The loans will be repaid by Jingzhou district government and Shashi city government in due time. Table 1. Budget (in million US dollars) Items Chinese Inputs External Inputs Total Experts 0.10 0.40 0.50 Equipment 10.0 12.0 22.0 Demonstration 9.0 20.9 29.9 Others 2.56 1.44 4.00 Total 21.66 34.74 56.4 Table 2. Budget by activity (in million US dollars) Activity Chinese Inputs External Inputs Grant Soft-loan Total 3.1 0.24 0.36 0.6 3.2 0.96 1.44 2.4 3.3 17.02 27.78 44.80 3.4 2.80 4.20 7.0 3.5 0.64 0.96 1.6 Total 21.66 2.76 31.98 56.4 5. Benefits After the completion of this project, the established database and information system will facilitate the environmental, economic and technical development of the City. Of the industrial solid wastes 95 percent will be recycled and the treatment rate of domestic waste water will be 85 percent. Most of the floods and drainage problems will be controlled and then the Schistosomiasis will be under control. The ancient Jingzhou city will be more attractive to tourists. Five hundred people engaged in environmental management will be trained annually. Text Browser Utilities: [Back, ACCA21 Home] For more information about ACCA21 contact: web@acca21.edu.cn Address: 109 Wanquanhe Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, People's Republic of China Telephone: +86-10-82636193, +86-10-82634400 Ext.2401 Fax: +86-10-82636192