6-4 Studies and Demonstration of Acid Rain Control Technique in Coastal Areas of East China Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This project seeks to control and prevent acid rain. This project is based on programme area 18A and related to area 12C. l . Background Many coastal cities in East China are in special economic regions with fast economic development, such as those cities achieving remarkable economic progress in recent years - Yantai, Qingdao, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Zhoushan, Fuzhou and Xiamen. At the same time, those regions are suffering from severe acid rainfalls. For example, the annual average PH value in rain water in Qingdao city ranges from 4.25 to 4.64; and that in Xiamen city is 3.8-5.0. SO2 emission from coal combustion is tbe main problem, threatening the living environment, and causing huge economic losses and eco- system degradation. The problem of acid rain pollution is a crucial one if China is to achieve sustainable development and needs to be solved urgently. Reduction of SO2 emissions from coal combustion is the most important approach to control the sulphate-type acid rain. At present, most boilers in power stations and other industries do not have desulphurization facilities in China. A few power stations have introduced wet desulphurization technique and integrated sets of equipment for the flue gas from coal combustion. During the "Seventh Five-Years PIan" and "Eighth Five-Years PIan" periods, the Chinese government has invested labour and funds for multiple studies on acid rain control in the areas of southwestern and southern parts of Cbina, as well as the coastal areas for developing techniques on desulphurization of flue gas from coal combustion, for sulphur fixation in combustion and coal briquetting. Through these studies, some countermeasures against acid rain in heavy polluted areas have been formulated and applied. The Chinese government has also formulated regulations for controlling SO2 emissions from coal combustion by the means of levying panel fees in heavily polluted areas . Along with the strengthening of environmental protection policies, research and development of more effective SO2 control technique will prompt enterprises to adopt desulphurization techniques and open up the market for these technologies. Another project in this priority programme, number 3-4B, on a model for flue gas desulphurization is a practical example of how this technology can be developed and applied. 2. Objectives Long-term Objectives To reduce SO2 emissions to under 20 million tons per year by the end of this century so as to control the acid deposition and improve the environmental quality in coastal cities and areas. Immediate Objectives Submission of a report about the current state, future predictions and countermeasures for the SO2 emissions from coal burning boilers in power stations and other industries. Submission of a techno-ecnomic assessment report about the desulphurization technique of coal combustion. Establishment of an engineering center for desulphburization techniques of coal combustion, and a pilot plant for the demonstration of flue gas desulphurization techniques. Setting up a set of demonstration facilities for the flue gas desulphurization for combustion of highsulphur coal and low-sulphur coal respectively in the typical eastern coastal areas. 3. Activities 3.1 Establishment of an environmental data bank for SO2 emissions from coal combustion in east China. The status and prediction of SO2 emissions from coai burning boilers in power stations and other industries. Investigation and statistica of coal usage, coal quality, boiler characteristics and atmospheric quality in the eastern coastal areas, and establishment of a bank for SO2> emissions from coal combustion. Suggestion of technical countermeasure for controlling SO2 emissions from eastern coastal areas in China. The duration of this activity will be one year. 3.2 Development of a scheme for demonstration of typical desulphurization techniques for coal combustion (refer to project 3-4B also). Collecting and analysing data on desulphurization technique for coal combustion, which have been applied or are in the process of research and development. Techno-economic assessment of various typical desulphurization techniques for coal combustion. Selection of the desulphurization technology for the demonstration projects, and assessment of the regional conditions of the demonstration site and the feasible conditions for technological operation. Assessment of the characteristics of raw materials and the system technological equipment for the desulphurization. Suggestion of optimized scheme for demonstration of the desulphurization technique in the eastern coastal areas of Cbina. The duration of this activity will be 3 years. 3.3 Establishment of an engineering center for desulphurization techniques for coal combustion and a pilot demonstration plant for flue gas desulphurization. Establish an engineering center for desulphurization technique of coal combustion in Beijing. to study, develop and assess the desulphurization techniques suitable for the eastern coastal areas, and then to spread and adopt it all over the country. Establishment of a pilot plant in Qingdao for demonstration of fiue gas desulphurization during combustion of highsulphur coal; and cooperation with Japan, U.S.A and South Korea to import advanced desulphurization techniques and facilities. Establishment of a pilot plant in Xiamen for demonstration of flue gas desulphurization in combustion of low-sulphur coal, and cooperation mainly with Taiwan Province to introduce advanced desulphurization techniques and facilities. The duration of this activity will be 4 years. This project will be implemented by the National Environment protection Agency (NEPA), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and local governments. 4. Inputs 4.1 Chinese lnputs Management of the project. Domestic experts and technical staff, communication and office facilities. The available scientific and technological achievements technical materials, research instruments and facilities, and engineering equipment for implementation of three actions mentioned above. 4.2 International cooperation Support will be sought from international organizations, neighbouring countries and areas, and to cooperate with Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Province in the following aspect: Introduction of experties in desulphurzation technique and advanced facilities. Cooperation in developing advanced desulphurization techniques and equipments, and for setting up jointly the engineering center for desulphurization technique and the demonstration projects. International funds. 4.3 Budget The budget tor expenses on this project is 30 million US dollars, of which 75% or 22.6 million US dollars are raised at home, and 25% or 7.4 million US dollars are aided by foreign organizations including US $0.4 miliion from donation and US $7 million soft loan. Budget (in the million dollars) Activity Domestic Inputs External Inputs GrantSoft-loan Total 3.1 0.8 0.2 1.0 3.2 0.8 0.2 1.0 3.3 21.0 7.0 28.0 Total 22.6 0.47.0 30.0 5. Benefits When this project has been implemented, it will provide a complete picture of SO2 emissions from coal combustion in the eastern coastal areas of China, the status of desulphurization technique for coal combustion at home and abroad, and its applicability in the eastern coastal areas. This project will assist in reducing SO2 emission in the eastern coastal areas, improve the eco- environment of these areas and neighbouring areas, and promote the sustainable development of the regional economy. The engineering center for desulphurization techniques to be established will help in the research and devolopment of this technique in China, and provide new techniques and information for controlling SO2 pollution. The desulphurization demonstration plants can be development into productive facilities to achive benefit in the area,and provide a basis for an industry of desulphurization technique and equipment for environmental protection, which could enter into the international market. The coastal areas in east China share the sea water with Korea, Japan and Taiwan Province; So the research and development of acid rain control technique will have the benefits to other countries and districts and promote for international and regional cooperation. Text Browser Utilities: [Back, ACCA21 Home] For more information about ACCA21 contact: web@acca21.edu.cn Address: 109 Wanquanhe Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, People's Republic of China Telephone: +86-10-82636193, +86-10-82634400 Ext.2401 Fax: +86-10-82636192