8-8 Comprehensive Estimation of China's Natural Disaster and Disaster Mitigation Demonstration in Pudong, Shanghai A. China's Natural Disaster Management System: Establishment of a National Integrated Assessment, Prevention, and Response Programme B. Establishment of Disaster Prevention and Management Centre in Pudong New Area, Shanghai   8-8a China's Natural Disaster Management System: Establishment of a National Integrated Assessment, Prevention, and Response Programme Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This proposed project is based on programme areas 17A and 17B of China's Agenda 21, concerning improving the management of natural disasters and promoting the establishment of disaster protection and mitigation systems to reduce losses from natural disasters. 1. Background China frequently experiences various types of severe natural disasters which result in considerable loss of life and extensive economic damage. In recent years, the annual economic loss caused by natural disasters approached about US $11.5 billion, which approximately equals 25 percent of the total GNP. The human and social cost of these disasters in terms of life and property loss as well as the disruption of communities and livelihood has also placed a considerable strain on the social fabric of the affected areas and China's ability to recover and further develop. Following the adoption of the "International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction" (IDNDR) agreement by the United Nations General Assembly, the China National Committee for IDNDR (CNCIDNDR) was established in 1989 with 28 participant Commissions and Ministries. In 1993, the International Conference on Disaster Management in China was held in Beijing. At that time, China announced that disasters were having a significant adverse impact on its economic reforms and development. Natural disasters continue to take a heavy toll thus China considers disaster prevention and management as vital to the national interest. In order to mitigate the impact of natural disasters, China has adopted a national policy for strengthening and promoting natural disaster information gathering, prevention, mitigation, and management capabilities. The government has also committed substantial resources for the development of national capabilities and has made considerable advances in natural disaster monitoring, prevention, and management. Bilateral cooperation has also resulted in significant progress. However, a systematic strategy has not yet been fully developed resulting in continued human and economic loss. This is in part due to a lack of funds, data gathering technology, and expertise. Under the leadership of CNCIDNDR, two government Commissions and Ministries were organized to formulate a national disaster management strategy. The national policy report on natural disaster management was drafted and adopted, and has received a favourable response from many countries. The United Nations has also created a special team of experts to assist China with disaster prevention and management planning. There remains however, a considerable shortfall in needs and capabilities, therefore this international technical assistance programme has been proposed to support China in its disaster management efforts through information, expertise, and technical transfer. 2. Objectives Long-term Objectives To perform nationwide natural disaster surveys and assessments. To develop a comprehensive management system for disaster prevention and mitigation suited to China's economic conditions so as to mitigate the economic loss and social impacts of natural disasters. To promote continued national development. Immediate Objectives To perform natural disaster monitoring and information analyses. To develop a disaster management data base. To perform disaster risk assessments. To establish a national centre for disaster management. To establish a disaster response and management system. To promote disaster management capability development. 3. Activities 3.1 Conduct natural disaster monitoring and their information analysis. Evaluate and improve natural disaster monitoring and analysis methods by adopting advanced techniques and technologies. Analyze disaster information obtained from satellites and aerial remote sensing to provide real-time data. Evaluate digital radar imagery and disaster analysis technologies. Compare and analyze satellite, aerial, remote sensing, radar, and conventional monitoring methods. Evaluate disaster information processing and transmission technologies. 3.2 Develop a disaster management data base and establish a comprehensive disaster database for major events using existing disaster information and using a county as the smallest national administrative unit. This data base is to be used for risk assessment, disaster zone ranking, and as a basis to formulate policies for establishing a national disaster insurance system. The data base will include: Physical geography; Population demographics, society, and economy; Historic and real-time disasters; Natural and physical causes for disasters; Disaster management organizations; Structures and facilities for disaster prevention and management; Personnel and resources available for disaster preparation and management; Disaster management technical and information resources; A Management Information System (MIS) for the above data bank. 3.3 Conduct disaster risk assessments to provide dependable data for formulating and implementing strategic decisions at the national and local levels. Formulate disaster classification standards and risk assessment protocols. Evaluate natural disaster assessment methodologies. Formulate economic loss and environmental impact assessment models. Formulate natural disaster risk assessment protocols for use at provincial locations. Formulate protocols to evaluate the impact of natural disasters on social development. 3.4 Establish a national centre for disaster management which would compile and disseminate national and regional information concerning the impact of natural disasters on social and economic development. Formulate the terms of reference for the national centre for disaster management. Compile a national natural disaster classification chart. Finalize the classification chart to identify major high risk areas. Compile a comprehensive natural disaster prevention and management chart. 3.5 Establish a disaster response and management system based on monitoring, assessment, and zonation data. Develop national and regional disaster mitigation and management strategies to effectively address Chinese conditions. Formulate a national disaster management strategy and programme. Institute a national disaster management system which would make strategic decisions concerning disaster prevention, preparation and response. Evaluate mitigation measures implemented at disaster reduction demonstration areas in: - Economically developed coastal areas; - The national capital; - Seriously affected areas in Southwest China. 3.6 Develop the capability for disaster management and improve disaster management skills, and promote technology, technique and information transfer. Assist in the development and strengthening of China's disaster management administrative structure from the national to the county level. Implement comprehensive disaster management training programme at various levels of government. Include training in GIS applications, disaster evaluation and risk assessment, response and mitigation, and field applications in the demonstration areas. Encourage international cooperation and exchange to obtain technical material and data. Invite collaboration with international disaster management specialists. Upgrade disaster management equipment and software. These activities will be implemented by the State Science and Technology Commission, the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, and the CNCIDNDR. The duration of the project will be five years. 4. Inputs The proposed project budget is estimated at US $5.3 million, of which US $2.4 million of grant will be sought from the international community, and the remaining US $2.9 million will come from Chinese government. Budget (in million US dollars) Items Chinese Inputs External Input Total Expert 0.40 0.30 0.70 Training 0.60 0.20 0.80 Equipment 0.60 0.90 1.50 Office facilities 0.40 0.40 0.80 Materials 0.40 0.40 0.80 Management 0.30 0.30 Miscellaneous 0.20 0.20 0.40 Total 2.90 2.40 5.30 5. Benefits The implementation of this programme will improve the disaster management, preparedness and mitigation capabilities of Chinese agencies and promote the continued social and economic development of the country. Averting the severe impact of natural disasters will assist China in its transition toward an international economy by insuring that high risk areas are known and avoided, mitigation plans are effective, and management is well coordinated at all levels. The programme will be widely implemented throughout China. As a result, the economic and social risk of disasters can be quantified, thus providing a basis for formulating a national disaster mitigation plan, and also rational disaster laws. It is anticipated that the programme will result in a 30 to 50 percent greater efficiency in the utilization of disaster expenditures, and reduce economic loss by 20 to 30 percent. According to previous analyses, the ratio of input to output is estimated as over 1:30. 8-8b Establishment of Disaster Prevention and Management Centre in Pudong New Area, Shanghai Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This project is based on programme area 17B of China's Agenda 21, concerning promoting the establishment disaster prevention and mitigation systems, reducing losses caused by natural disasters. It is also related to programme areas 17A and 17C, concerning improving of natural disasters and reducing natural disasters caused or aggravated by human factors. 1.Background As with many large urban areas in developing nations, Shanghai suffers from the symptomatic disorders of long-term neglect in infrastructure improvement. As a result it has a one of the highest population densities in the world and exhibits all traits of an overloaded system. Under present circumstances, Shanghai would be catastrophically impacted in the even of a natural or man-made disaster. The fires and explosions in Shenzhen, Beijing, Nanjing, Qingdao and Fuzhou since 1993 illustrate the inadequacy of disaster prevention capability in China's major cities. Establishing and improving disaster planning, prevention and management systems for major urban areas is therefore extremely urgent. The last several years of this century and the first decades of the 21st first century will be an important period for the revitalization of Shanghai and the entire Yangtze River region. The Pudong New Area (PNA) is the flag ship of this development. To ensure that the development effort proceeds smoothly, and that the economy, quality of life and safety in PNA continues to improve, thus creating a promising investment environment, an advanced Disaster Prevention and Management Centre (DPMC) meeting international standards needs to be established. The proposed centre would contain the best available disaster management technology and trained personnel to address China's situation. The centre would be significant for PNA, the entire Shanghai municipality and its surroundings in upgrading disaster early-warning and management capabilities. It would assist in reducing damage in the event of a disaster by promoting risk reduction, disaster forecasting, response and mitigation. Thus the centre would foster sustainable social and economic development in the Shanghai area. This project is also an important integral part of the Chinese Government's response to the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). It would also be a disaster prevention and management demonstration project that could be duplicated in other urban areas in China as well as other developing countries. The proposed DPMC project has enjoyed the support of the Shanghai Municipal Government (SMG) and other relevant agencies. The SMG has included the establishment of DPMC into the PNA development plan. The project feasibility study has been completed identifying the technical and resource needs of the project. The study included evaluation of similar centres in the region and in developed countries. Shanghai currently has access to real time satellite meteorological information from China's meteorological satellite, as well as a major fire, earthquake and traffic accident response system. The European Community has also donated three million ECU's to establish an automatic flood monitoring and warning system. Integrated disaster prevention and management systems require complicated equipment and software. It includes communication hardware, data acquisition and processing equipment, and powerful computers to integrate and analyze the information for decision making. The integrated information is often displayed on large multi-media screens in GIS format in developed countries. This type of disaster management system is not currently integrated in Shanghai, thus each type of disaster is managed by a separate command centre which does not share information with other centres. Therefore the DPMC mandate includes integration of these systems into one command centre which utilizes information from all disasters for formulating preparedness and response strategies. The financial resources required to establish an integrated disaster management system such as DPMC are substantial since expertise and many technologies must be procured internationally. 2.Objectives Long-term Objectives To establish an integrated disaster prevention and management centre in PNA which would utilize advanced techniques and technologies in assisting local and regional authorities with timely disaster management decision making and relief mobilization. Immediate Objectives To construct the centre and install equipment To establish a disaster prevention and management system in PNA. To develop and install an information processing system at DPMC. To perform disaster preparedness and mitigation case studies at major facilities in PNA. To integrate and upgrade the current decentralized disaster information and management systems in Shanghai. 3.Activities 3.1 Construct the centre and install equipment. Construct the DPMC building which is to be located in or near the PNA Administration compound. It is designed to have four thousand square meters of floor space (above and below ground). Install communications infrastructure and data integration hardware including cable, radio and microwave communication, mainframe computers, multimedia display screen, and disaster monitoring and forecasting network. 3.2 Establish a disaster prevention and management system in PNA. Formulate a comprehensive disaster prevention and management plan for PNA. Install a management organization and command system for DPMC. Establish communication and information network connecting DPMC to branches of Shanghai Municipality. 3.3 Develop and install an information processing system at DPMC. Install GIS system at DPMC. Install a disaster simulation system. Install a disaster identification and forecasting system. Formulate an emergency management and contingency plan for major disasters. Establish an emergency response and rescue procedure. 3.4 Perform disaster preparedness and mitigation case studies at major facilities in PNA. Perform a disaster preparedness and mitigation survey at several major facilities in PNA and evaluate the results for effectiveness. The proposed facilities include the Shanghai Gaoqiao Petrochemical General Company and the Shanghai No.3 Iron and Steel Works. Compile a "Guide to Disaster Prevention Design for facility Construction". Institute disaster mitigation, response and management systems for industrial facilities. Establish disaster information centres and warning systems in major facilities and integrate them into DPMC monitoring system. Perform background studies for industrial disaster mitigation legislation and regulations. 3.5 Integrate and upgrade the current decentralized disaster information and management systems in Shanghai. The duration of this project will be 4 years. This project will be implemented by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology, the Shanghai Pudong New Area Administration, the Shanghai Office of IDNDR. 4.Inputs The project proposes to adopt the best available technology for data acquisition and analysis, GIS, multimedia, and data transfer networks. It will also encourage exchanges between Chinese and international experts both in Shanghai and overseas through training programs, seminars and symposium on disaster prevention and management. To assist the centre in its task, managerial and technical personnel at DPMC will undergo capability development programs for disaster management. The estimated budget for the proposed DPMC project is approximately US $9 million. excluding the cost for the construction of the centre, estimated at US$ 3.5 million. Of the total budget, approximately US$ 3 million is sought through the international grant, the balance will be provided by the Central and Municipal governments. Budget (in million US dollars) Items Chinese Inputs External Grant Total Training 0.5 0.5 1.0 Research and software 2.5 1.0 3.5 Development and installation of equipment 3.0 1.5 4.5 Total 6.0 3.0 9.0 5.Benefits The implementation of this project will significantly improve disaster preparedness, prevention, mitigation and management capabilities in PNA and Shanghai as a whole. The proposed centre will be integrated into the national disaster management network and contribute significantly to disaster management capabilities in China. It is anticipated that the work of the centre will, over time, prevent the types of major urban disasters that have occurred in China from being repeated by promoting pro-active disaster risk reduction, preparation and management. Text Browser Utilities: [Back, ACCA21 Home] For more information about ACCA21 contact: web@acca21.edu.cn Address: 109 Wanquanhe Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, People's Republic of China Telephone: +86-10-82636193, +86-10-82634400 Ext.2401 Fax: +86-10-82636192